Promotion in service is not a fundamental legal right, but it can be a statutory or constitutional right under certain conditions. Here’s a breakdown of the legal position: No Fundamental Right to Promotion The right to be considered for promotion is recognized, but there is no absolute right to promotion itself. The Supreme Court of…
Prostitution is derived from the Latin word prostituere, which means to expose publicly. It is the practice of engaging in relatively indiscriminate sexual activity with someone who is not a spouse or friend in exchange for immediate payment in money or other valuables. Prostitutes can be female, male, or transgender, and prostitution can involve heterosexual…
Who is a corrupt Arbitrator? An arbitrator who, induced by personal gain and who disregards the duty of neutrality to influence the outcome of an arbitration submitted to his or her consideration. Notion on personal gain The word personal gain is to be broadly construed. It includes the prospective monetary and non-monetary rewards. The…
Winding up is the process of bringing a company’s life to an end and administering its assets for the benefit of its shareholders and creditors. A company or business may wind up for a variety of reasons, including insolvency or bankruptcy, the death of promoters, or mutual agreement among stakeholders. There are two kinds of…
In 1983, Section 498-A was enacted to safeguard married women from cruelty by their husbands or family members. It prescribes punishment for 3 years and a fine. Under this section, cruelty is defined as causing physical or mental harm to the woman’s body or health, as well as engaging in harassment in order to coerce…
An insurance policy, also known as a contract of adhesion Insurance coverage is a contract that takes the form of a policy. This policy protects an individual’s financial risks as a result of unforeseeable events. The policyholder is the insured. The insurer is also known as the insurance provider, insurance carrier, or underwriter. They provide…
Answer: It has been recently held by Hon’ble Supreme Court that parties to a contract who are Indian nationals or Companies incorporated in India can choose a forum for arbitration outside India. Nothing stands in the way of party autonomy in designating a seat of arbitration outside India even when both parties happen…
Reply: Reservation in promotion in public posts cannot be claimed as a fundamental right, the Honorable Supreme Court reiterated in a judgment recently. A Bench of Justices L. Nageswara Rao and Hemant Gupta observed that State Governments are not bound to make reservations. Even the courts could not issue a Mandamus directing States to…
Answer: Issuance of security cheques is a good defense which is also legally acceptable. But, you have to prove that the cheques in qestion were given by way of security and the same have been misused by the complainant. As there is a presumption under section 139 of Negotiable Instrument Act that there exists a…
The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in its Judgment titled as Bajaj Alliance General Insurance Company Ltd. v/s Union of India & Ors Writ Petition No.534/2020 dated 16.3.2021 passed a number of directions regarding disbursement of compensation as well as speedy disposal of cases pending before the various MACTs. These directions are reproduced below: …
Reply: After the decision of Hon’ble Supreme of India in Maharshi Dayanand University Vs Surjeet Kaur (2010)11 SCC 159, it has been held that educational institutions are not a commodity. Educational institutions are not providing any kind of service, therefore, in the matter of admission, fees et cetera, there cannot be a question of deficiency…
Answer: For considering dissolution of marriage at the instance of a spouse who allege mental cruelty, the result of such mental cruelty must be such that it is not possible to continue with the matrimonial relationship. The wronged party cannot be expected to condone such conduct and continue to live with his/her spouse. The degree…
Answer: The cooling of period mentioned in section 13-B (2) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 is directory and not mandatory, still it can be waived subject to fulfillment of certain conditions as mentioned in the judgement of the Honourable Supreme Court of India in the case, Amardeep Singh Vs Harveen Kaur, 2017 (4) RCR…
Reply: Production of additional documents not filed along with the written statement is against Order 8, Rule 1A(3) CPC which states that a document which is not produced at the time of filing written statement, shall not be received in evidence except with the leave of the court. This leaves can be granted by the…
Reply: The trial court directed both the parties to maintain status quo regarding possession. In these circumstances, in this case you alleged that you have been dispossessed from the premises in question, it would be expected of you to lead cogent and convincing evidence to establish your possession. In case of violation of interim injunction,…
Advice: In a recent judgment pronounced by the Honourable High Court of Punjab and Haryana, it has been reiterated that an accused is presumed to be innocent until convicted. Still further the rights of an accused does not automatically get suspended merely because he is being prosecuted in a criminal case. Still further, right to…
Answer: Where in the agreement entered into between both the parties, there is a mechanism to settle the dispute arising between the parties by the arbitration in accordance with the Rules of Arbitration or when the parties have agreed upon the procedure for appointment of arbitrator, ignoring the same, the High Court cannot appoint arbitrator…
Answer: Section 22 of Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act permits the eviction of the house property from the daughter-in-law/son as they have no right to claim residence over self acquired property of her father/mother-in-law. As per settled law, daughter-in-law has no right to claim a right of residence over the self…
In all court cases, where stays are granted in future, the same will expire in 6 months from the date of such order unless similar extension is granted by passing a speaking order. The speaking order must show that the case was of such exceptional nature that continuing the stay was more important than having…
Section 148 of the Negotiable Instruments Act was also inserted in the Amended Act on September 1, 2018, with prospective effect. However, appellate courts in several cases directed the accused persons to deposit 20% of the cheque/compensation amount, treating the said provision retrospective in nature. Consequently, several accused approached the higher courts throughout the country.…
Free Civil Advice.There is a Division Bench judgment of Punjab and Haryana High Court titled as Bachan Singh Vs Swarn Singh, 2000(3) RCR (Civil) 70 in which it has been held that co-sharer in exclusive possession of the joint property has a right to enjoy and reap the fruits of the property even by raising…
cases of 498a/406 The sole consideration for the grant of bail in such like matters is to recover dowry articles (Istridhan) and joining of investigation before the Investigating Officer (IO). Once that is done, the grant of anticipatory bail can be availed of by you and the courts will be gracious enough to grant you…
The only reason to repudiate the insurance is that the insured did not disclose in the medical Performa that he was suffering from Type-II /Diabetes Mellitus. As the cause of death is ‘cardiac shock’ and the death has not occurred due to the well-known factual conditions in diabetics, therefore the reputation of insurance contract is…
No doubt both the parties have led evidence and the case has reached the stage of arguments. The amendment at the belated stage cannot be declined merely on the ground that the case has now been fixed for arguments and act this stage, the amendment cannot be allowed. If the amendment in question goes to…
Section 20 Code of Criminal Procedure,1908 talks about jurisdiction, where cause of action or part of cause of action has arisen. Sub clause (a) of Section 20 explains that a suit can be instituted in the court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction, defendant at the time of commencement of the suit, actually or…
In one case, over a 100 home buyers had filed an application against Pyramid Infratech for not passing on the Input Tax Credit (ITC) of the GST paid on construction services. The National Anti-profiteering Authority (NAA) directed the company to refund or reduce Rs 8.22 crore from the buyers’ last installment along with 18% interest…
The Kerala High Court in November ruled that any GST mistakenly paid under one head can be adjusted under the correct head. It observed that the GST Act provides for the refund of the tax paid mistakenly under one head instead of another, like ‘SGST’ instead of ‘IGST’, but the GST Refund Rules also speak…
It has been held by the AAR that when the rent is collected together and divided equally between respective co-owners of a jointly owned property, the small business exemption for registration under GST will be available to all the co-owners separately. The total rent from all the properties will not be a factor in this…
This question has been answer in a case of Synthite Industries Ltd which had filed an application for advance ruling to determine if GST is applicable on sale of goods that are shipped directly from China to the USA without entering India. The AAR held that the goods are liable to GST when imported into…
In Columbia Asia Hospitals case, it has been held that Corporate Office and the units are distinct persons, so activities performed by employees of a Corporate Office for other units of company shall be treated as supplies as per the CGST Act. Hence, GST would be applicable even if made without consideration. This was ruled…
The Appellate Authority for Advance Ruling clarified that the applicant, Caltech Polymers Pvt. Ltd, recovered food expenses from its employees for the canteen services it provided under the provisions of the Factories Act. Although the company had made it clear that no profit margins were involved, the AAAR ruled that the supply of food would…
An application was filed in Rajashri Foods (P.) Ltd regarding the sale of one of its manufacturing units for a lump sum consideration. The firm wanted to know how the transaction would be treated. The Authority for Advance Ruling (AAR) held that the business will continue in new hands, hence such transaction would be in…
Reply is yes. It is evident from the reading of Sub-Section (3) of section 357 of the Code, that where the sentence imposed does not include a fine, that is, where the sentence relates to only imprisonment, the court, when passing judgment, can direct the accused to pay, by way of compensation, such amount as…
Yes, an arbitrator can be appointed by the Chief Executive Officer of Statutory Board even after the expiry of period of 30 days notice to him by the opposite party provided the opposite party has not invoked the jurisdiction of the Hon’ble High Court of the concerned place having jurisdiction over the matter, in the…
You can file a case against her for custody of your child. In a recent judgment, the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India has settled the law that the Parent who is denied custody of the child should have the right to talk to his/her child for 5 to 10 minutes everyday. A child, especially a…
Your brother has every right to move an application for anticipatory bail till the time he is not arrested. The rejection of his petition u/s 482 of Cr.P.C., will have no effect on the merits of the petition for anticipatory bail because the parameters for grant of anticipatory bail are different than that of petition…
If the complaint filed by your counsel indicated adequate and sufficient reasons for not being able to institute the complaint within the stipulated period, the impugned order of dismissal of complaint can be set aside. The reasons for delay in filing the complaint beyond the period stipulated in the Negotiable Instrument Act has to be…
Where dispute between the parties predominantly or overwhelmingly seems to be of a civil nature and dispute is a private one between two private parties, even though offences alleged are non-compoundable, offences can be compounded. The jurisdiction to compound the offences and quash the FIR lies within the powers of High Court of the concerned…
Allegations of illicit relations and love affairs of husband raised by the wife in her written statement and in such case if she fails to leave any evidence in support of her allegations to prove the same, it amounts will amount to ‘cruelty’ even when such a plea is not taken in the divorce petition,…
Mutation of property in revenue records are fiscal proceedings and does not create or extinguish title nor has it any presumptive value on title.
In the case of divorce with mutual consent, wife can give up her right of maintenance or permanent alimony or stridhan, but she cannot give up rights which vest in the daughter insofar as maintenance and other issues are concerned.
Harassment of a woman by unlawful demand of dowry also partakes the character of ‘cruelty’ and this is a sufficient ground for divorce.